Abstract

This Meta EIP documents all the proposals for Glamsterdam related to the gas repricing effort. The goal of this effort is to harmonize gas costs across the EVM, thereby reducing the impact of specific bottlenecks on scaling. Proposals include changes to the cost of single EVM operations, as well as bigger changes to the gas model. This Meta EIP is purely informational and does not aim to have an active role in the governance process for the Glamsterdam fork. Instead, it serves as a directory for all repricing-related proposals, helping to organize the work and keeping the community informed about the status of each EIP.

Motivation

The main objective of the Glamsterdam fork is to improve L1 scalability. A crucial aspect of this initiative is to create a better alignment between gas costs and actual resource usage. Currently, the gas model often misprices operations, resulting in inefficiencies and unintended incentives. For instance, within the pure compute operations, there is a high variance in execution time per gas unit, which indicates that a single unit of computation is not priced equally across the various opcodes.

By standardizing gas costs across EVM operations and other resources, we can reduce bottlenecks and enhance the utilization of EVM resources, which will subsequently enable further scalability. The EIPs listed below constitute a significant first step in that direction. We expect that further iteration will be necessary in future hardforks.

Specification

The following table lists all EIPs related to repricings that are being discussed in the scope of the Glamsterdam fork. There are three types of EIPs in this list:

1. Broad harmonization. These EIPs reprice a class of operations with the goal of harmonizing them and removing single bottlenecks.
2. Pricing extension. These EIPs make targeted changes to a specific opcode or component of the gas model, usually coupled with a new mechanism.
3. Supporting. These EIPs are not directly doing a repricing, but instead introduce a change that support other repricing EIPs or enhance the scalability potential of repricings.

This list will continue to be updated as more gas repricing EIPs are proposed.

EIP list

EIP	Description	Type	Resource class	Status
EIP-2780	Reduce intrinsic transaction gas and charge 25k when a value transfer creates a new account.	Broad harmonization	Multi-resource	Proposed for Inclusion
EIP-2926	Introduce code-chunking in an MPT context.	Pricing extension	State	Proposed for Inclusion
EIP-7686	Adjust memory limits and gas limits of sub-calls to create a clear linear bound on how much total memory an EVM execution can consume.	Pricing extension	Memory	Proposed for Inclusion
EIP-7778	Prevent Block Gas Limit Circumvention by Excluding Refunds from Block Gas Accounting.	Pricing extension	General Accounting	Proposed for Inclusion
EIP-7904	Gas Cost Repricing to reflect computational complexity and transaction throughput increase	Broad harmonization	Compute	Proposed for Inclusion
EIP-7923	Linearize Memory Costing and replace the current quadratic formula with a page-based cost model.	Pricing extension	Memory	Proposed for Inclusion
EIP-7971	Decrease costs for TLOAD and TSTORE with a transaction-global limit.	Pricing extension	Memory	Proposed for Inclusion
EIP-7973	Introduce warm account writes, decreasing the cost of writing to an account after the first write.	Pricing extension	State	Proposed for Inclusion
EIP-7976	Further increase calldata cost to 15/60 gas per byte to reduce maximum block size.	Pricing extension	Data	Proposed for Inclusion
EIP-7981	Introduce floor pricing for access lists to reduce maximum block size.	Pricing extension	Data	Proposed for Inclusion
EIP-8011	Gas accounting by EVM resource, increasing throughput and improving resource usage controls, with minimal changes to the protocol and UX.	Supporting	NA	Proposed for Inclusion
EIP-8032	Makes SSTORE gas cost scale with a contract's storage size to discourage state bloat.	Pricing extension	State	Proposed for Inclusion
EIP-8037	Harmonization and increase of state creation gas costs to mitigate state growth and unblock scaling.	Broad harmonization	State	Proposed for Inclusion
EIP-8038	Increases the gas cost of state-access operations to reflect Ethereum’s larger state.	Broad harmonization	State	Proposed for Inclusion
EIP-8053	Adds milli-gas as the EVM’s internal gas accounting unit, reducing rounding errors without impacting UX.	Supporting	NA	Proposed for Inclusion
EIP-8057	Multi‑block temporal locality discounts for state and account access.	Pricing extension	State	Proposed for Inclusion
EIP-8058	Reduces gas costs for deploying duplicate contract bytecode via access-list based mechanism.	Pricing extension	State	Proposed for Inclusion
EIP-8059	Gas parameters and variables are increased to a factor of REBASE_FACTOR to reduce rounding errors without major changes to the EVM.	Supporting	NA	Proposed for Inclusion

Rationale

Discussed in the individual EIPs.

Security Considerations

Discussed in the individual EIPs.

Copyright

Copyright and related rights waived via CC0.